First and Second Strike Capabilities

That a country has the first-strike capability does not mean that the country is capable of attacking its adversary. In order to have the first-strike capability, a country has to have enough technology to produce weapons that can reduce or nullify the ability of its adversary.


For example, the US has ability to destruct nuclear-weapon launchers in the Soviet Union. That means that the US has the first-strike capability because it can reduce the ability of launching weapons of the Soviet Union. The US does not randomly launch missiles to somewhere in the Soviet Union.


The second-strike capability is simply the ability to attack back. That a country has the second-strike capability means that it can attack back against its adversary when it had been attacked.


For example, Iran is attacked by the US, and it can attack back against the US. Iran can simply send missiles or drop bombs on the US territories.


Therefore, that a country has the first-strike capability simultaneously means that the country has the second-strike capability, technologically. 




* The examples that I used are not based on the facts. They may be facts, but I am not sure.

11/16/11 A U.S. Marine Base for Australia Irritates China (New York Times)

A U.S. Marine Base for Australia Irritates China

By JACKIE CALMES

Published: November 16, 2011

President Obama announced that the U.S. planned to deploy 2,500 Marines in Australia to shore up alliances in Asia. However, China accused Mr. Obama of escalating military tensions in the region.

The agreement with Australia has been long discussed since the end of Vietnam War. 

"The president said the moves were not intended to isolate China, but they were an unmistakable sign that the United States had grown warier of its intentions." (New York Times)

"While the new military commitment is relatively modest, Mr. Obama has promoted it as the cornerstone of a strategy to confront more directly the challenge posed by China’s rapid advance as an economic and military power. He has also made some progress in creating a new Pacific free-trade zone that would give America’s free-market allies in the region some trading privileges that do not immediately extend to China." (New York Times)

The U.S. have some bases in the North Pacific area but does not have those in Southern area. Therefore, having a base in Australia, South Pacific, would be great for the U.S. The U.S. is not going to build a base of its own in Australia, but is planning to use Australian military facilities instead.

Core Characteristics of Religious Terror

There are several things that religious terrors have in common.

• Violence as a Sacramental or Divine Act
• Terrorists may not think that violence is not good, but may believe that they have to use violence for their purpose. Or, they may use violence because they think their use of violence is justified by the God they believe.
• Conflicts Seen as Total War
• Belief in Apocalypse, End of Days
• Demonization of the Enemy
• Not Killing People, but Objects
• For terrorists, people whom they kill are not people living but objects used to send their message throughout terrorism. The people are killed to gain attention from as many people as possible; civilians may be better targets than soldiers. Terrorism is done as a message, which is not for us, but may be Muslim to remind of starting Total War.
• Outsiders Who Aim to Tear the 'System' down
• Emphasis on Martyrdom
• This is a cause of suicide bombings. Suicide may be seen as sin. For terrorists, suicide bombers will be innocent after killing people by suicide-bombing terrorism.

Actually, I am not understanding completely, but those are the things that terrorists have in common and that I've learned in lecture. This is very scary, and is enough reasoning for the motivation of terrorism. 

10/24/11 U.S. and North Korea Begin Groundwork for Talks (New York TImes)

U.S. and North Korea Begin Groundwork for Talks

By NICK CUMMING-BRUCE and CHOE SANG-HUN

Published: October 24, 2011

In Geneva, the United States start two-days talks. American officials have said that they will test the ground for a possible resumption of wider discussion of the nuclear program of North Korea. 

At the end of the first day, in a statement, Mr. Bosworth said:

"I think we are moving in a positive direction. We have narrowed some differences, but we still have differences that we have to resolve.

He described the discussion as 'very positive,' and added: 

"I am neither optimistic nor pessimistic but as I said, we have made some progress. But we have issues still to resolve, ans we will work hard to do that."

 Last week, American officials said that the discussion is to determine whether North Korea is serious about the problem.


In September 2005, North Korea agreed to abandon its nuclear programs in exchange for economic support and diplomatic incentives from other parties to the six-party talks, including China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea as well as North Korea and the United States.
-----terrible levels of malnutrition children
-----6,000,000 North Koreans needing food aid


"Nearly half of North Korean children were chronically malnourished and the situation has been getting worse." (New York Times)

TPP: What Can Japan Really Do?

TPP = Trans-Pacific Partnership.

I want to ask, "what does Japan really want to do?"

I think Prime Minister of Japan, Mr. Noda is taking TPP as an opportunity to start negotiating with countries where Japan does not have EPA and FTA with. He says that he will protect what Japan is proud of and what has to be protected. However, TPP is basically an alliance of multiple countries aiming zero-tariff and free-trade, including workers as well as imported and exported products.

I somehow agree with Mr. Noda because he sounds like he is going to protect Japan's important products and will not eliminate all the tariffs. If he can do that, there would be no problem. And, maybe, only some good EPA and FTA will be left.

However, the problem is how strongly TPP can work to Japan. TPP consists of multiple member countries. Do the members have any power to influence Japan? Can Japan neglect if it is offered to eliminate tariffs of the products that Japan wants to protect with tariffs?

I think Mr. Noda's strategy itself is good, but it does not seem to be realistic. Can Japan REALLY do that? Is it possible?

I need to do more research to examine this problem.

The other point is TPP as a treaty preventing China's powerful growth. China cannot or may not be able to join TPP as long as it does not change its policy. I don't know much about China, but because China's economy is more like socialist kind of system, it does not fit the pact that seeks free trades: capitalism thought. Therefore, one perspective is that TPP makes a great large market on pacific area, pressuring China. Many countries are suffered from China's recent growth.

Again, I need to do more research on this. I should not write what I am not sure. But, this is what I'm thinking recently.

TPP: Trans-Pacific Partnership

TPP stands for Trans-Pacific Partnership. I think, this TPP is the current largest issue in Japan. TPP does not do anything to Japan yet, but the discussion for it is involving a lot of issues. On November 11, 2011, Mr. Noda, Prime Minister of Japan, said that Japan is joining the negotiations of TPP. However, there are supporters as well as protesters, claiming many problems that would occur if Japan joins TPP. TPP is a treaty among member states and is aiming a free trade market. TPP aims 'no tariffs.' How does it sound to you? Good? Bad?

If you are a consumer who works at a general company to earn money and spend the money to purchase food to eat, you may be happy because no tariff means that cheaper imported goods will be in the market. For example, you can buy imported rice which is very cheap, instead of domestic rice. Rice isn't a good example if you are Japanese because, I personally believe, Japanese rice is the best rice in the world for Japanese....anyway, yes, if you are such a consumer, you can pay less to purchase the same amount of products. Are you happy with that?

How about if you are a farmer who is producing vegetable, fruits, and whatever. Do you think you are happy with TPP that allow more goods to be imported from other countries? Obviously, Japanese products are more expensive than those in other TPP member states. If there is no tariffs, such cheap products will be imported more and traded in the market. That means that you need to compete with more cheaper-goods. You may have to reduce price...maybe you can. You may need to reduce costs of your production...maybe you can. But, do you think you can win the cheapness of products imported from less-developed countries? I DON'T THINK SO.

Now, imported rice is levied with 777.7% tariff. This means that rice whose price in the original country is $100 will be at least $877.7 (100 + 777.7% of $100 as tariff).....sorry if my calculation is wrong.....'at least' because importers definitely put more price to benefit.

Japanese domestic rice is protected under such extremely high tariff. In other words, such thigh tariff is needed to protect Japanese rice. The tariff is high in order to protect Japanese rice. What happens if this tariff becomes 0%? Importers can import rice with the same price as the local market. Who wants to buy rice which is 8 times expensive as foreign rice? Maybe me, I love Japanese rice, so I would love to buy it, but not everyone. That means Japanese rice will be bought less, by hurting rice farmers. This is not only in the case of rice, but all other agricultural products.

Also, another problem is that even though deflation is a big problem in Japan, TPP would accelerate it. That cheaper goods are purchased more means that there will be more cheap goods and less expensive goods. Gradually, the cheap goods dominate the market, causing prices to decrease: deflation. Companies want to sell their products with higher price and benefit more. The problem of deflation is that they cannot productively benefit. They have to sell more and more to benefit in deflation.

There are still more problems with Japan joining TPP, but I cannot list all of them. I am not understanding all of them. I am just a college student who studied little about economics and can guess what is going to happen if Japan joins TPP. I don't know what the prime minister of Japan is thinking. As you may know, I am one of the protestants against TPP and am not just a consumer who simply seeks cheaper goods. I do not think that expected increase in exports will benefit more than supporters believe. Joining TPP, Japan will lose what it will never be able to regain. I am sad about the prime minister deciding without enough consideration and explanations to the public.

This is my summary of this event published by New York Times.

11/11/11 Premier Says Japan Will Join Pacific Free Trade Talks (New York Times)

Premier Says Japan Will Join Pacific Free Trade Talks

By HIROKO TABUCHI

Published: November 11, 2011

Prime Minister of Japan, Yoshihiko Noda said that Japan is going to join the talks of the pacific free trade called TPP, which stands for Trans-Pacific Partnership. Joining TPP is concerned to be encouraging exporters who seek new markets but to endanger farmers: the farmers are very angry about this.

The Asia-Pacific economic summit meeting will be held this weekend in Hawaii, and President Obama is going to promote the far-reaching TPP regional trade agreement. The aim of the agreement is to cut import tariffs to zero. Nine governments are joining the discussion.

Mr. Noda strongly claimed that global competition eventually makes a domestic economy, including a more competitive agricultural sector, stronger.

The United States has been buying more from Japan than it has been selling to Japan. Therefore, the United States has pushed for better access to Japanese markets. One concern for the US is that Tokyo's participation may complicate talks if Japanese government is unable, or unwilling, to commit to slashing some tariffs.


The pact for Japan means lower tariffs that encourage some imports and exports. Of course, the effect reaches to highly protected domestic sectors like farming.


Japan is now just entered the negotiations, but there is already protesting campaign.


Japan's farmers have been protected under very high tariffs, such as 777.7 percent levy on imported rice. Those farmers are protesting the government against the pact.


The protesting campaign is supported by the public, while free trade proponents argue that consumers benefit from cheaper imports, such as of food.


Even members in Noda's Domestic Party strongly oppose Noda's policy, and the party split, dooming his government.


Exporters claim that without the pact, Japan risks being left behind in the world economy. They believe that joining the pact create a better condition for Japan against regional rivals like South Korea.


South Korea already has a free trade agreement with European Union and the United States, whereas Japan doesn't.


Calls for free trade has been discussed at a very high pitch.


Yoko Ishikura, a professor of global business at Keio University in Tokyo, said at a recent economic forum that the government had:

"not done a great hob of explaining the benefits, and the debate has become emotionally charged."

and she added,

"we need to ask, 'what if Japan doesn't join?' That could be the bigger risk."

Thus, there are many supporters for the pact as well as many protesters against the pact. One problem claimed in Japan is that the government is not providing enough information to the public. Many people do not know what would happen if Japan joins the pact. Another problem is that Mr. Noda very quickly decided to join the pact. Whether Japan joins the pact has long been discussed for several years, but a large earthquake happened in March this year, and the government suspended the discussion for a while in order to focus on the damage of the earthquake.  

---------------------

The Governments Attending: 9 + Japan = 10 governments.

• Australia (20 November 2008)
• Brunei (28 May 2006)
• Chile (28 May 2008)
• Japan (11 November 2011)
• Malaysia (October 2010)
• New Zealand (28 May 2006)
• Peru (November 2008)
• Singapore (28 May 2006)
• United States (February 2008)
• Vietnam (November 2008)

Source: Wikipedia "Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership"


You may find more details here, Office of the United States Trade Representative, Trans Pacific Partners

Here's my reaction.

11/7/11 Syria Unleashes Assault to Take an Unbowed City (New York TImes)

Syria Unleashes Assault to Take an Unbowed City

By ANTHONY SHADID

Published: November 7, 2011

The Syrian government has started a cruel assault to retake Homs, which is "Unbowed City" and which is the third largest city in the country. The government faces defectors who have prevented the government from seizing the city. The right side is the map (from New York Times).

The specter of civil war

has long hung over Homs, the most tenacious and determined of cities opposed to President Bashar al-Assad’s rule, where the city’s Sunni Muslim majority has closed ranks behind the revolt. This month, parts of the city have become an urban battlefield, with activists saying government forces have killed 111 people in just five days, opposition groups warning of dire shortages forced by the siege and residents complaining of lawlessness by marauding soldiers and paramilitary fighters. (New York Times)

The article provides more details about the background of  the civil war:

In some ways, Homs is a microcosm of Syria, with a Sunni Muslim majority and minorities of Christians and Alawites, a heterodox Muslim sect from which Mr. Assad draws much of his top leadership. Unlike the countryside, where sectarian tension runs deeper, Homs managed to rely on established ties between communities.

But in the past months, those relationships have frayed. While residents say many Christians have tried to remain on the sidelines, tensions have deepened between Sunnis and Alawites, as the most severe challenge to four decades of the Assad family’s authoritarian grip on the nation continues to burn.

11/10/11 UN Member States elect judges to serve on International Court of Justice (UN News Centre)

UN Member States elect judges to serve on International Court of Justice

On November 10th, four judges to serve ICJ were elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council. ICJ stands for International Court of Justice.

The judges are Giorgio Gaja (Italy), Hisashi Owada (Japan), Peter Tomka (Slovakia), and Xue Hanqin (China). The judges are elected based on their qualifications. Although nationality must not be concerned, there must more than two same nationalities.

They start nine-year-term serving from Feburuary 5th of the next year.

11/5/11 Leaving Iraq, U.S. Fears New Surge of Qaeda Terror (New York Times)

Leaving Iraq, U.S. Fears New Surge of Qaeda Terror

By MICHAEL S. SCHMIDT and ERIC SCHMITT

Published: November 5, 2011

As you may know, the United States has decided to withdraw its troops from Iraq by the end of this year. According to the article, senior American and Iraqi officials are expressing growing concern that Al -Qaeda's offshoot.

"Qaeda allies in North Africa, Somalia and Yemen are seeking to assert more influence after the death of Osama bin Laden and the diminished role of Al Qaeda’s remaining top leadership in Pakistan." (New York Times)

Due to the Death of Osama bin Laden, the organization was certainly weakened and is not likely to regain its prior strength. However, American and Iraqi analysts said "the Al-Qaeda franchise is shifting its tactics and strategies to exploit gaps left by the departing American troops and to try to reignite sectarian violence in the country." (New York Times)

Iraqi analysts express fears that:

ties between Al Qaeda and members of the former ruling Baath Party may be re-forming. “The government is afraid from an alliance between Qaeda and Baath precisely in this time, after the American withdrawal from Iraq,” said Ehssan al-Shemari, a political science professor at Baghdad University. “The security issue is the biggest challenge for the government in the next stage.” (New York Times)

According to General Buchanan,

there are 800 to 1,000 people in Al Qaeda’s Iraq network, “from terrorists involved in operations to media to finance to fighters.” A document released by the military in July 2010 said Al Qaeda had about 200 “hard core” fighters in Iraq. The weak Iraqi economy is providing a large pool of young and vulnerable recruits, analysts say. (New York Times)

11/3/11 U.S. Report Accuses China and Russia of Internet Spying (New York Times)

U.S. Report Accuses China and Russia of Internet Spying

By THOM SHANKER

Published: November 3, 2011

As the title shows, the Untied States accuses China and Russia of internet spying.

According to the new intelligence assessment, "Both China and Russia hide behind the anonymity of proxy computers and dispersed routers in third countries to pilfer proprietary corporate information to accelerate their own economic development." (New York Times)

The report also warns that some allies of the United States are also spying the U.S. information of technology, economy, etc.

The information is assumed to by spied not only bu countries, but also by foreign companies and individuals.

The report was concluded with some recommendations, such as how openly information should be accessible for companies.

11/3/11 Cuba to Allow Buying and Selling of Property, With Few Restrictions (New York Times))

Cuba to Allow Buying and Selling of Property, With Few Restrictions

By DAMIEN CAVE

Published: November 3, 2011

In Cuba, a new property law was announced to promise to allow the citizens and permanent residents to buy and sell.

Pedro Freyre, who is an expert in Cuban-Aerican legal relations said:

"To say that it’s huge is an understatement. This is the foundation, this is how you build capitalism, by allowing the free trade of property.” (New York Times)

However, Cuba officials would not agree and argue:

they are carefully protecting socialism as they move toward economic reform, and the new law includes some provisions that seem aimed at controlling both speculation and the concentration of wealth. 

11/1/11 In Libya, Fighting May Outlast the Revolution (New York Times)

In Libya, Fighting May Outlast the Revolution

By DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK

Published: November 1, 2011

Tripoli, Libya


The article starts with:

Many of the local militia leaders who helped topple Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi are abandoning a pledge to give up their weapons and now say they intend to preserve their autonomy and influence political decisions as “guardians of the revolution.” (New York Times)

Libya’s new provisional government, the Transitional National Council is their issue. 


The position of the Transitional National Council is:

The provisional government’s departing prime minister, Mahmoud Jibril, suggested in a news conference Sunday night that instead of expecting the local militias to disband, the Transitional National Council should try to incorporate them by expanding to include their representatives. (New York Times)

According to New York Times:

Militia leaders have already demonstrated their resolve to step into the political process. Before the provisional government named a new prime minister Monday night, local leaders in Misurata — speaking on the condition of anonymity to avoid an open fight with the national council — threatened that if it failed to agree on a candidate they deemed satisfactory, local military councils from cities in western Libya might intercede to decide the question. (New York TImes)

There are two points of views that:

Some point to neighboring Egypt, where the council of military officers that took power at the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak has delayed a transition to civilian control. Others say there is a danger Libya could resemble the chaos in Yemen or Syria because there are several autonomous militias poised to take on a political role. (New York Times)

Electoral democracy seems to start.

The Transitional National Council has pledged in a “constitutional declaration” that within eight months after the selection of a new government, it will hold elections for a national assembly, which will oversee the writing of a constitution. During the uprising, officials of the Transitional National Council vowed to give equal voice to all Libyans, regardless of their location or political position. (New York Times)

However,

leaders in Misurata, a commercial center that withstood a long siege to emerge as the arsenal of Libyan revolt, say they are advocating a four-point set of criteria for representation that would increase their say, at the expense of smaller towns or those who stayed loyal to Colonel Qaddafi: population, size, economic output and “priority in liberation.”

11/1/11 China Seeks $2.4 Million in Taxes From Dissident (New York Times)

China Seeks $2.4 Million in Taxes From Dissident

By ANDREW JACOBS

Published: November 1, 2011

Ai Weiwei is a dissident and also an artist. He has been offered to pay $2.4 million in back taxes and penalties by the government. 

He is challenging this case with lawyers, but there is not certain for him to win. His mother may be going to sell her house, which was given to her by her father to make a payment if his defense fails.

Mr. Ai paused and said  “This is my fate,” he said weakly, “and I have to face it” when he was asked what he would do if his defense fails.


------------------------


You may find more information here (Link to New York Times)

10/31/11 Afghan Leader Offers Belated Condolences for U.S. Deaths (New York Times)

Afghan Leader Offers Belated Condolences for U.S. Deaths

By ROD NORDLAND

Published: October 31, 2011

President Hamid Karzai did not express condolence for deaths of the NATO members, who were killed by the suicide attack). 

With two American officials, Gen. John R. Allen, the NATO commander and Ryan C. Crocker, Ambassador, at a national security meeting on Sunday, (in a statement) the president “expressed his heartfelt condolences and sympathies to the family and relatives of those foreign troops and Afghan civilians who were killed.” and added “Afghan people are grieved by the NATO loss of lives and share the pain and sorrow with the families and friends of the troops killed” (New York Times)

However, "In a statement Saturday, Mr. Karzai had expressed condolences only to the families of the four Afghan victims and made no mention of the 13 NATO personnel who were killed, most of them Americans." (New York Times)

"The gaffe came a week after Mr. Karzai, in an interview with Geo Television, a Pakistani network, said his country would fight on the side of Pakistan if Pakistan was attacked by the United States." (New York Times)

But, the statement in the transcript on his website is omitted.

"Mr. Karzai’s spokesman, Aimal Faizi, also said the president had not intended to slight the military victims. (New York Times)

The attack brought the worst outcome for NATO's operation in Kabul during the Afghanistan War. According to early reports from military sources, 13 victims were all American soldiers, but later, officials modified the list:

• 4 American soldiers
• 1 Canadian soldier
• 5 American contractors
• 2 British contractors
• 1 Kosovar contractor

were killed.

Links:

12 Americans Die as Blast Hits Bus in Afghanistan (New York Times) My Blog

10/30/11 Political Shift Seen in Rally in Pakistan (New York Times)

Political Shift Seen in Rally in Pakistan

By SALMAN MASOOD

Published: October 30, 2011

Islammabad, Pakistan.

An antigovernment ralley with more than 100,000 people was led by  Imran Khan on Sunday (10/30) evening.

"The rally represented what supporters and some political analysts said was Mr. Khan’s emergence as a serious challenger to the governing Pakistan Peoples Party and its longtime rival, the Pakistan Muslim League-N." (New York Times)

"The government is not required to call a general election until February 2013, but with a sinking economy, rising inflation, power struggles and terrorism taking a toll on the nation, opposition parties have begun pushing for an earlier date." (New York Times)

"Mr. Khan led 2,000 people in a protest outside the Parliament in Islamabad on Friday, opposing American drone strikes, and he reiterated his stance at the rally on Sunday." (New York Times)

Mr. Kahn said, “My message to America is that we will have friendship with you, but we will not accept any slavery,” he said. “We will help you in a respectable withdrawal of your troops from Afghanistan, but we will not launch a military operation in Pakistan for you.” (New York TImes)

10/29/11 12 Americans Die as Blast Hits Bus in Afghanistan (New York Times)

12 Americans Die as Blast Hits Bus in Afghanistan

By ROD NORDLAND

Published: October 29, 2011

In Kabul, Afghanistan, "At least 12 Americans were killed when aTaliban suicide car bomber attacked an armored shuttle bus in Kabul on Saturday, military officials said." (New York Times)


Four of Americans killed were G.I.'s. One Canadian soldier and four Afghans were also reported to be killed.


However, "Officials initially reported that all of those reported to have died aboard the bus Saturday were soldiers, but NATO later said five were members of the military and eight were contractors. The precise number and nationalities of the dead remained uncertain Saturday night." (New York Times)




Links:

Afghan Leader Offers Belated Condolences for U.S. Deaths (New York Times)

10/20/11 Violent End to an Era as Qaddafi Dies in Libya (New York Times)

Violent End to an Era as Qaddafi Dies in Libya

By KAREEM FAHIM, ANTHONY SHADID and RICK GLADSTONE

Published: October 20, 2011

Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi was killed.

Until his death, he had been ruling Libya for about 42 years.

"Within an hour of the news of Colonel Qaddafi’s death, Libyans were celebrating." (New York Times) They were waiting for this moment.

"At least one of Colonel Qaddafi’s feared sons, Muatassim, was also killed on Thursday, Libyan officials said, and there were unconfirmed reports that another, Seif al-Islam, had been captured or wounded." (New York Times)

10/28/11 Europe Tries to Lure Chinese Cash to Back Rescue of Euro (New York Times)

Europe Tries to Lure Chinese Cash to Back Rescue of Euro

By LIZ ALDERMAN and DAVID BARBOZA

Published: October 28, 2011

The article is basically about the possibility that Europe would seek China's help to help Euro. It does not say that Europe decided to or want to offer China for help.

One concern is the change in international order. Now, the Untied States is financially a big country in the world, but if China helps the EU, the position of the US would be replaced. Also, if this change happens, there would be economic and political change in international system.

If Europe wants to be helped by China, China is almost ready for it. Some Chinese companies hold a big shopping port in Greece. Also, they own highways and infrastructures in Western European countries.

The article ends with its conclusion that says that China will probably not intervene to Europe crisis.

10/26/11 Kenyan Motives in Somalia Predate Recent Abductions (New York Times)

Kenyan Motives in Somalia Predate Recent Abductions

By JEFFREY GETTLEMAN

Published: October 26, 2011

"The Kenyan government revealed on Wednesday that its extensive military foray into Somalia this month to battle Islamist militants was not simply a response to a wave of recent kidnappings, as previously claimed, but was actually planned far in advance, part of a covert strategy to penetrate Somalia and keep the violence in one of Africa’s most anarchic countries from spilling into one of Africa’s most stable." (New York Times)


"Somalia has been a thorn in Kenya’s side ever since Kenya became independent in 1963, and the two countries have followed wildly different paths. Somalia has become synonymous with famine, war and anarchy, while Kenya has become one of America’s closest African allies, a bastion of stability and a favorite of tourists worldwide." (New York Times)


Kenya is going to send its troops to Somalia, but "Many analysts wonder how Kenya will be able to defy history and  stabilize Somalia when the United Nations, the United States, Ethiopia and the African Union have all intervened before, with little success. They argue that the Kenyan operation seems uncoordinated and poorly planned, with hundreds of troops bogged down in the mud from rains that fall at this time every year." (New York Times)


Kenya is feared of the Shabab who  have pledged allegiance to Al Qaeda committed a terrorism in Somalia and who may be going to 'punish' Kenya. Now, people in Kenya are suffered from terrorism and do not go to such as shopping mall and night club.